Method and device for simultaneous regulation of an intake air flow for an internal combustion engine and a secondary air flow in the exhaust system of the same internal combustion engine

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for simultaneous regulation of an intake air flow ( 24 ) of an internal combustion engine ( 10 ) and a secondary air flow ( 21 ) in the exhaust system ( 12 ) of the internal combustion engine, wherein the secondary air flow is produced by a compressor ( 20 ) powered by a tutbine ( 18 ). The turbine ( 18 ) is mounted in a bypass ( 16 ), wherein said bypass is disposed parallel to a throttle valve ( 14 ) in the intake tract ( 11 ) of the internal combustion engine. The amount ( 21 ) of secondary air supplied thereby depends on the position of the throttle valve. In order to provide compensation therefor, a regulating valve ( 32 ) is provided, which is connected to the secondary air line ( 22 ) by means of a connecting line ( 34 ). The regulating valve influences the cross section of the bypass ( 16 ) so that the cross section of the bypass can be simultaneously widened when the throttle valve ( 14 ) is opened, whereby a pressure drop in the turbine caused by the opening of the throttle valve can be compensated for. In another embodiment, a control valve that is controlled by a control unit can also be mounted, wherein mechanical coupling of the throttle oigan in the bypass and the throttle valve is also possible. The disclosed method enables simultaneous regulation of intake air flow and secondary air flow with acceptable structural complications thereby representing an economical solution.

PRIOR ART

[0001] The invention relates to a method and an internal combustion engine suitable for carrying out this method, in which an intake airflow for the internal combustion engine and a secondary airflow for injection into the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine are simultaneously adjusted with respect to the required mass flow, in accordance with the class of Claim 1.

[0002] Devices of the initially described type are known, for instance, from WO 97/38212. FIG. 8 of this document shows a secondary air injection system for an internal combustion engine comprising a turbine unit 114 and a compressor 113. The turbine is driven via a bypass, which is arranged parallel to the throttle valve 115 in the intake tract. At least one additional throttle member 120 is arranged in the bypass to the turbine. The simultaneous adjustment of the intake airflow and the secondary airflow is effected by the interplay between throttle valve 115 and throttle member 120. This makes it possible on the one hand to adjust the output of the turbine 114 and thereby also the secondary air delivered by the compressor 113 and an the other hand to adjust the delivered intake airflow as the addition of the airflows through the throttle member 120 and the throttle valve 115.

[0003] For an optimal adjustment of the two airflows, the complex processes of the internal combustion engine must be known. Based thereon, the actual air requirement in the intake tract of the internal combustion engine or in the exhaust system can be determined. The air requirement of the internal combustion engine depends, for instance, on the load condition as well as on the desired operating mode, e.g., combustion of the fuel with oxygen excess or oxygen deficiency. Secondary air is introduced into the exhaust system, e.g., in the cold start phase of the engine. This secondary air is intended to oxidize the incompletely burned exhaust components and in addition to heat the downstream catalytic converter in the exhaust system through this exothermic reaction. On the one hand this reduces emissions during the cold start phase and on the other hand shortens the cold start phase, since the catalytic converter becomes effective earlier through heating.

[0004] When the secondary airflow is introduced, a certain air ratio must be adjusted to ensure that emission reduction works. If there is too much secondary air, the exhaust is cooled too much without additional exhaust components being oxidized. If there is too little secondary air, there is not enough oxygen to oxidize the exhaust components.

[0005] One object of the invention is to provide a method that will enable a satisfactory adjustment of the secondary airflow and the intake airflow for the internal combustion engine by means of simple principles. A further object of the invention is to provide suitable devices for this method. These objects are attained by Claims 1 and 4.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The inventive method is suitable in known manner to adjust simultaneously the intake airflow of the internal combustion engine and the secondary airflow in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. The airflows are adjusted by varying the mass flow rate. In the intake tract of the internal combustion engine, a throttle valve is arranged, which can influence only the mass flow rate of the intake air in the intake tract. The adjustment of the intake airflow must also take into account the bypass airflow, which branches off in front of the throttle valve to drive a turbine and is fed back into the intake tract behind the throttle valve. The turbine drives a compressor, which produces the secondary airflow. This secondary airflow is fed into the exhaust system. It is advantageous, for instance, to feed this secondary airflow into the exhaust system in front of the catalytic converter to achieve the above-described effects for the exhaust in the cold start phase of the engine.

[0007] The invention is characterized in that, at least while the internal combustion engine is idling, the throttle valve assumes a position defined for this state. This occurs against the background that the air requirement of the internal combustion engine during idling is known. Thus, by setting the throttle valve at a fixed position and knowing the intake behavior of the internal combustion engine during idling, it is simultaneously possible to obtain a defined turbine output. The throttle valve must be adjusted in such a way that the intake airflow that moves past the throttle valve together with the bypass airflow provides exactly the air quantity necessary for the internal combustion engine during idling. As a result, the internal combustion engine runs at the specified speed in this operating state. Any fluctuations in the supplied intake air quantity would cause the internal combustion engine to run at an irregular speed.

[0008] The appropriate valve position for the internal combustion engine during idling must be determined in relation to the airflow supplied in the bypass. For this purpose, an additional throttle member may be arranged in the bypass to regulate the airflow at the turbine. The known conditions during idling of the internal combustion engine thus make it unnecessary to regulate or control the intake air quantity in this region. In this operating state, even small deviations from the actually desired intake air quantity are particularly critical, since the internal combustion engine immediately responds with a change in speed. In other operating states, deviations from the desired intake air quantity or secondary air quantity are less important. They can thus be adjusted without providing any additional control based on certain laws between the individual control members, such as the throttle valve in the intake tract and the throttle member in the bypass, as will be explained in greater detail below. This has a positive effect on the economic efficiency of the proposed method, since it eliminates additional control components. The throttle valve position can be operated, for instance, via the existing engine control.

[0009] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the defined position of the throttle valve in the idling state is the closed position. In this case, the intake air for the internal combustion engine is delivered exclusively through the bypass. The turbine can be used as a regulating member for regulating the intake air quantity during idling. This is made possible because the air throughput through the turbine depends on the input of the compressor. In this connection, care must be taken that the compressor output simultaneously influences the mass flow rate of the secondary airflow.

[0010] According to a further development of the invention, the closed position of the throttle valve should be maintained as long as the required intake airflow of the internal combustion engine is less than the maximum possible bypass airflow at the turbine. This is the prerequisite for the ability to cover the air requirement of the internal combustion engine exclusively by the bypass. Thus, the maximum possible turbine output is always available in these operating states. This turbine output can thus be converted into the largest possible secondary airflow. This increases the variation possibilities of the secondary air quantity fed into the exhaust

[0011] To obtain a satisfactory adjustment of the secondary airflow if the turbine output is too large when the throttle valve is completely closed, a throttle valve can be provided in the secondary air line according to a special embodiment of the invention. This throttle valve makes it possible to reduce the secondary airflow if the actually delivered air mass is too large for the momentary operating state of the internal combustion engine. Advantageously, this effect can also be achieved by an additional line that bypasses the compressor. This additional line can be throttled and can also be completely closed. If it is open, an airflow is produced in the additional line which runs counter to the output flow of the compressor and reduces the actually delivered secondary airflow at the feed to the exhaust system while the compressor output remains constant.

[0012] The additional line is particularly suitable to reduce the secondary airflow independently of the turbine output. In this connection, care must be taken that the compressor output and the turbine output are directly coupled with one another. Thus, reducing the secondary airflow by a throttle in the secondary air line causes the air throughput at the turbine also to be reduced. If the internal combustion engine requires a greater amount of air, this must be compensated by adjusting the throttle valve in the intake tract. Thus, it is also apparent that a throttle valve existing in the secondary air line indirectly causes the secondary airflow at the turbine to be simultaneously throttled. In this case, throttling of the supplementary airflow is unnecessary.

[0013] An internal combustion engine in which the inventive method is to be implemented must comprise at least the following known components. It must have an exhaust system with a catalytic converter, since the catalytic converter makes the secondary air line necessary in the first place. It must comprise a feed for injecting the secondary air. A throttle valve must be provided in the intake tract of the internal combustion engine. A turbine through which the intake air can also flow is arranged parallel to the throttle valve via a bypass. This turbine is mechanically coupled with a compressor, whereby the turbine output in a delivery volume of the compressor can be used to introduce the secondary air into the exhaust system. Furthermore, means must be provided for carrying out the abovedesenbed method.

[0014] These means can consist of, for instance, a throttle member that is arranged in the bypass and in turn is mechanically coupled with the throttle valve in the intake tract. This mechanical coupling produces a fixed law regarding the opening ratios of the two throttle members relative to one another. In particular, a linear interrelationship can be achieved, which takes into account the fact that an increased air requirement of the internal combustion engine requires an increased secondary air feed due to the increased mass flow of exhaust. The secondary air mass flow can thus be kept substantially constant. The throttle member for the bypass can, for instance, consist of a slide diaphragm, which can be moved back and forth on the wall of the intake tract and thereby opens and closes a connection opening between the bypass and the intake tract. The slide diaphragm is continuously variable, so that a partial closing of the bypass is also possible. This provides the throttle effect. It is also feasible to provide the slide diaphragm with a plurality of openings, which incrementally move in front of the connection opening. A plurality of connection openings may also be arranged, in which case a branching of the bypass toward the connection openings is necessary. The slide diaphragm can be driven, for instance, via a toothed rack that is mounted thereon. The mechanical coupling of the throttle valve is implemented, for instance, via a gear, which is mounted on the throttle valve shaft and engages with the toothed rack.

[0015] With the described embodiment it is possible, in particular, to establish a linear interrelationship between the throttle valve in the intake tract and the throttle member in the bypass. Other gear units that can effect a degressive or progressive interrelationship between the throttle valve position and the throttle member position are of course also feasible. This makes it possible to achieve special intake characteristics for internal combustion engines, which can be adapted to the given engine conditions in the individual case.

[0016] Another variant for the throttle member in the bypass is implemented by using a regulating valve for throttling. This regulating valve communicates with the secondary air line via a connecting line, such that the information of the compressor pressure in the secondary air line can be fed to the valve via a regulating connection in the valve. The secondary air pressure can thus be used directly as a controlled variable to influence the turbine output, e.g., by a corresponding adjustment of the regulating valve, so that a constant secondary air pressure is established. As soon as the secondary air pressure increases above the desired value, the regulating valve in the bypass is throttled. This causes the turbine output and thus also the compressor output to drop, which results in a lower secondary air pressure. The regulating valve can be configured in such a way that any pressure pulsation in the secondary air line or the bypass is compensated by damping factors that are a function of the configuration of the regulating valve.

[0017] If the described regulating valve is used, its position depends solely on the required secondary air pressure. To ensure at the same time an optimal supply of the internal combustion engine with intake air, the intake airflow must be regulated via the position of the throttle valve. Another option is to control the regulating valve also by the pressure present in the intake tract. This pressure thus influences the behavior of the regulating valve as an additional influencing variable for the purpose of finding a position that represents a compromise with respect to the mass flows required in the secondary air line and in the intake port of the internal combustion engine. In this case, too, the boundary conditions of the idling internal combustion engine can be assumed to be known, so that the throttle valve adopts a position that is appropriate for this operating

[0018] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the initially described method can be carried out by means of a control unit that has at least one input for a sensor in the secondary air line, one input for a position sensor on the throttle valve and one output for a control signal to a control valve for controlling the secondary air quantity. The sensor in the secondary air line can be configured to detect the pressure in the secondary air line or the secondary air throughput. The corresponding secondary air signal can be evaluated by the control unit and provides indirect or direct information on the quantity of secondary air supplied to the intake tract. In modern internal combustion engines, position detection for the throttle valve is provided to achieve optimal engine control. This position detection can at the same time be used by the control unit for the secondary air system to obtain indirect information on the air quantity that cacan be sucked in through the intake system. The position can be detected, for instance by means of sensors, e.g., potentiometers. If a stepper motor is used to drive the throttle valve, this stepper motor simultaneously delivers information on the position of the throttle valve, so that an additional sensor is unnecessary.

[0019] The input signals are used to generate an output signal in the control unit, which influences the position of the control valve. As explained above, the mechanical coupling of the turbine and the compressor makes it possible to accommodate the control valve in the bypass as well as the secondary air line. Increasing the throttling of the control valve reduces the secondary airflow and the supplementary airflow.

[0020] The information on the position of the control valve as well as the throttle valve can simultaneously be used to draw conclusions regarding the combustion air supplied to the internal combustion engine via the intake tract.

[0021] The methods and the devices for adjusting the intake airflow and the secondary airflow described thus far make it possible in various ways to approximate the processes that actually take place in the internal combustion engine. This approximation describes the control or regulation of the required secondary air and the intake air with sufficient accuracy so that the complexity necessary to adjust the airflows can be kept within limits. The main influencing factor of the system is thereby taken into account. This influencing factor is the throttle valve in the intake tract. As long as this valve is closed, the entire intake airflow must be guided through the bypass, which results in a high turbine output. As soon as this airflow is no longer sufficient, the throttle valve in the intake tract is opened, which results in an abrupt drop in the turbine output. Under these conditions, the exhaust system is no longer supplied with secondary air. The adjustability of the cross section of the bypass or the secondary air line, however, leads to an additional adjustability of the secondary airflow. Thus, when the throttle valve in the intake tract is opened, the flow resistance in the secondary air system is simultaneously reduced. As a result, the power drop at the turbine can be avoided or at least reduced, since the mass flow rate in the bypass can be kept nearly constant due to the reduced flow resistance. The reduction of the flow resistance is achieved, for instance, by the above-described throttle members in the secondary air line or the bypass.

[0022] In the event that the described adjustment mechanisms are not sufficient to ensure the supply of enough secondary air in the exhaust system, the fuel supply to the intake tract can be reduced in addition. This makes the mixture leaner, so that extensive combustion can already take place in the internal combustion engine. As a result, the emission values of the internal combustion engine are met in this case as well.

[0023] The secondary air system does not necessarily have to be controlled by a separate control unit. These functions can also be integrated in the engine control to increase the economic efficiency of the proposed solution. In particular, various measured values of the internal combustion engine are available for engine control and need not be acquired in addition. Other measured values can additionally be used to refine the described adjustment method for the secondary air system.

[0024] The flawless functioning of the secondary air system depends to a large degree also on the configuration of the individual components. Thus, the secondary air charger must be configured in such a way that the secondary air mass flow required when the engine is idling can be delivered by the compressor. Since the air requirement of the engine is low in this operating state and this small air quantity must be satisfied to obtain the idling speed, the throttling of the turbine depends on these boundary conditions. Should the compressor mass flow with the turbine throttled in this manner be too low, the basic configuration of the secondary air charger, especially the turbine, must be reworked. If the turbine is made smaller, throttling of the turbine can be reduced and the turbine pressure ratio is increased. The turbine output is thus increased and a higher compressor mass flow is delivered while the turbine mass flow remains the same. The actual value of the secondary air mass flow is determined by a sensor in the secondary air line or in the exhaust system. Flow rate sensors can be used for this purpose, which frequently have to be provided in the exhaust system in any case. For example, a comparison of the air throughputs in front of and behind the inlet for the secondary air would provide information regarding the secondary air quantity supplied. Alternatively, the differential pressure at a known throttle point can also be evaluated. The desired value for the secondary air mass flow can be determined, for instance, by the engine control. For this purpose, the engine air mass flow and combustion air mass flow can be evaluated. By using the described method, the control unit adjusts the secondary air mass flow to the desired value.

[0025] Thus, the described method is particularly suitable for regulating the mass flow rate of the secondary airflow. According to a special embodiment of the invention, the secondary air mass flow thus produced can be used not only for the cold start phase of the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, the secondary air is supplied to the exhaust system in front of the catalytic converter. This can occur centrally, directly in front of the catalytic converter or in the outlet ducts of the cylinders. Introducing the secondary air near the cylinder outlets improves the distribution of the secondary air in the exhaust since the exhaust has to travel a certain distance until it reaches the catalytic converter.

[0026] The secondary air, however, can also be introduced behind the catalytic converter. This feed option creates another application case in which a control member is provided to select the guiding of the secondary air to the different inlets.

[0027] The application case for feeding the secondary air behind the catalytic converter results in lean-burn engines, particularly directly injected Otto engines that are equipped with so-called storage catalytic converter systems for nitrogen oxides. These special catalytic converters are intended to keep the emissions within the prescribed limits. They store the nitrogen oxides during lean-burn operation and give off the nitrogen during rich-burn operation. Lean and rich denote operating states during which more or less fuel is mixed into the combustion air. During lean-burn operation, the fuel burns in the cylinders with excess air, whereas during rich-burn operation an excess of fuel is injected into the cylinders.

[0028] However, the sulfur in the fuel can limit the effectiveness of the storage catalytic converters. This occurs due to sulfate deposits in the catalytic converter, which can strongly reduce its operation time.

[0029] Within certain limits, however, sulfate deposition is reversible. For this purpose, the engine must burn lean over a prolonged period of time within the minute range and must be operated at high exhaust temperatures. This cleans the catalytic converter from the sulfate deposits but increases the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission values of the exhaust to unacceptable levels. By introducing secondary air downstream of the component to be desulfated, these pollutants can be burned in a process that corresponds to the engine's cold start phase. The catalytic converter can thereby be cleaned at acceptable emission values.

[0030] To produce the desulfation state of the catalytic converter, the described secondary air system can be used. The fact that the cold start state and the desulfation state never occur simultaneously can be used for this purpose. The cold start phase lasts only a few minutes after the engine is started. During rich-burning operation of the engine, which is a prerequisite for desulfation of the catalytic converter, the throttle valve in the intake tract is at least partially closed. Consequently, the turbine of the secondary air charger can be provided with sufficient bypass air, so that an adequate amount of secondary air is made available by the compressor.

[0031] It is of course also possible to use other secondary air systems comprising, for instance, an electrically driven compressor for desulfation of the catalytic converter. When the secondary air charger is designed, care must simply be taken that it can provide the required amounts of secondary air both in the cold start phase and during desulfation. The secondary air charger must thus be configured for the operating state with the higher secondary air requirement. The amount of secondary air required in the individual case depends on the internal combustion engine.

[0032] These and other features of preferred further developments of the invention are set forth in the claims as well as in the description and the drawings. The individual features may be implemented either alone or in combination in the embodiment of the invention or in other fields of application and may represent advantageous embodiments that are protectable per se, for which protection is herewith claimed.

DRAWINGS

[0033] Further details of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to schematic embodiments depicted in the drawings in which

[0034]FIG. 1 schematically shows a secondary air system with mechanical coupling between the throttle valve in the intake tract and the throttle member in the bypass,

[0035]FIG. 2 schematically shows a secondary air system with a regulating valve and

[0036]FIG. 3 schematically shows a secondary air system with an electronically controlled control valve in the bypass.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0037]FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment that is intended to manage with a minimum number of components. An internal combustion engine 10 equipped with an intake tract 11 and an exhaust system 12 is provided. In the intake tract at least one air filter 13 and one throttle valve 14 are arranged. The exhaust system is equipped with a catalytic converter 15. Behind the air filter 13 and in front of the throttle valve 14, a bypass 16 branches off, which is guided back into the intake tract 11 behind the throttle valve. In this bypass, a non-return valve 17 is provided to prevent combustion air from flowing back through the bypass. Furthermore, a turbine 18 is arranged in the bypass 16 and is driven by a bypass airflow 19. The turbine is mechanically coupled to a compressor 20 that delivers a secondary airflow 21 in a secondary air line 22. This secondary air line opens out into a feed inlet 23 of the exhaust system 12 in front of the catalytic converter 15. The flow directions of an intake airflow 24, the bypass airflow 19, the secondary airflow 21 as well as the exhaust are indicated by arrows along the lines.

[0038] The elements that have thus far been described are found again in the embodiments of FIG. 2 and 3 and will not be redescribed there.

[0039] The embodiment according to FIG. 1 is provided with a throttle member 25 for the bypass 16, which is mechanically coupled with the throttle valve 14. This coupling is effected by a rack-and-pinion drive 26. A rack 27 is configured as part of a slide diaphragm 28 while a valve shaft 29 of throttle valve 14 is connected with a gear 30, which engages with rack 27. When the throttle valve is adjusted, the slide diaphragm is thus also moved, so that connection openings 31 are opened and closed. In the embodiment shown, these connection openings are bores made in the slide diaphragm. Also feasible is a connection opening in the form of a hole in the intake tract wall, in which case the slide diaphragm moves over this connection opening to close it in an infinitely variable manner. This embodiment is not shown.

[0040] In the secondary air system according to FIG. 2, a regulating valve 32 is arranged in bypass 16 and can infinitely vary the bypass airflow 19. This regulating valve has a regulating connection 33 that is connected with the secondary air line 22 via a connecting line 34. The regulating valve 32 is thus adjusted as a function of the pressure in the secondary air line 22. A valve body 35 moves into the bypass line cross-section and thereby directly influences the bypass airflow 19. The travel of the valve as a function of the pressure change in the secondary airflow 21 is defined by springs 36. In addition, damping may be implemented in regulating valve 32 and is determined by the damping properties of a fluid enclosed in a volume 37. To introduce the secondary air flow 21 into the exhaust system, a plurality of inlets 23 are provided which are arranged directly behind the cylinder-side outlets for the exhaust. This causes optimal mixing of the secondary air with the exhaust gases. In addition, a throttle valve 38 is provided in the secondary air line by means of which the secondary air flow can be reduced or blocked. Furthermore, a non-return valve 17 a may be provided in the secondary air line to prevent exhaust from flowing back into the intake tract 11 under certain operating conditions. Instead of the throttle valve 38, a switching valve may be provided, by means of which the secondary air feed can be shut off. In the present example, the secondary air is taken from the intake tract 11 of the internal combustion engine behind the air filter 13. This ensures that the secondary air does not contain any impurities. In principle, however, the secondary air can also be taken from the engine compartment as indicated in FIG. 1.

[0041] In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, the secondary air system is equipped with a control unit 39, which communicates with an engine control 40. To control the valve, characteristics may be stored in control unit 39 making it possible to process various measured values of the secondary air system and the engine. At least the volume flow rate of secondary airflow 21 detected by means of a sensor 42a and the throttle valve position are determined. Instead of sensor 42 a, a sensor 42 c may be provided, which measures the airflow on the turbine side. The mechanical coupling between compressor 20 and turbine 18 thus also provides information on the secondary airflow. In addition, engine control information may be supplied, e.g., the volume flow rate of the combustion air in intake tract 11 as measured by sensor 42 b. The position of the throttle valve is frequently also stored in the engine control, so that a separate measurement by control unit 39 as shown in this embodiment is unnecessary. The sensors can be flow meters, for example, which are used to measure the volume flow rates of the airflows. Another option is to use pressure sensors that provide indirect information on the throughput quantity by measuring the pressure.

[0042] The control unit is simultaneously used to control the control valve 41 and a throttle valve 38 a. The control valve regulates the bypass airflow 19, while the throttle valve 38 a is designed to regulate the actual secondary airflow. The throttle valve 38 a is provided in an additional line 43 that forms a bypass for the compressor. This makes it possible to regulate the actual secondary airflow by opening the throttle valve 38 a and recycling the compressed air.

[0043] In addition to the inlets 23 for secondary air injection during the cold start phase, an inlet 23 a is provided which opens into the exhaust system 12 behind the catalytic converter. Inlet 23 or inlet 23 a can be connected with or decoupled from the secondary air line by a control unit 44. Simultaneous connection of both inlets 23, 23 a is not provided. Inlet 23 a for the secondary air is intended for the desulfation mode of the catalytic converter 15. 

1. Method for simultaneously regulating an intake airflow (24) for an internal combustion engine (10) by means of a throttle valve (14) arranged in the intake tract (11), taking into account a bypass air flow (19) that is guided through a turbine (18), which is coupled parallel to the throttle valve and thus forms part of the intake airflow, and a secondary airflow (21) that is produced by a compressor (20) driven by the turbine (18) and is supplied to an exhaust system (12) of the internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust system is provided with a catalytic converter, characterized in that at least when the internal combustion engine is idling the throttle valve is brought into a defined position for this state.
 2. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the defined position of the throttle valve (14) during idling of the internal combustion engine (10) is the closed position of the throttle valve.
 3. Method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the closed position of the throttle valve (14) is maintained as long as the required intake airflow (24) for the internal combustion engine is below the maximum possible bypass airflow (19).
 4. Internal combustion engine (10) with an intake tract (11) and an exhaust system (12), wherein the exhaust system has a catalytic converter (15) and at least one feed inlet (12) for a secondary air line (22), the intake tract has a throttle valve (14) and a bypass (16) that extends parallel to the throttle valve, in which a turbine (18) is arranged so that the air can flow through it, the turbine (18) is mechanically coupled with a compressor (20) at the output of which the secondary air line is connected for the compressed air, characterized in. that means are provided for carrying out the method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
 5. Internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that means are provided for carrying out the method as claimed in claim 2, which means comprise a throttle member (25) that is arranged in the bypass (16) and is mechanically coupled with the throttle valve (14).
 6. Internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the throttle member (25) consists of a slide diaphragm, which is arranged so as to displaceable over a connection opening (31) between the intake tract (11) and the bypass (16) whereby the connection opening can be opened and closed, and which is connected with the throttle valve (14) via a rack-and-pinion drive
 7. Internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that a regulating valve (32) is arranged in the bypass and is equipped with a pneumatic regulating connection (33) that communicates with the secondary air line (22) via a connecting line
 8. Internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that a control unit (39) is provided, which comprises at least one input for a secondary air signal provided by a sensor (42 a) in the secondary air line (22) or the exhaust system, one input for a position signal provided by a position sensor on the throttle valve and one output for a control signal connected with a control valve (41), wherein the control valve is arranged in the bypass (16) or the secondary air line (22).
 9. Internal combustion engine as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that a throttle valve (38) is provided to limit the secondary airflow in the secondary air line (22).
 10. Internal combustion engine as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that an additional line (43) is provided which bypasses the compressor and which can be throttled to limit the secondary airflow in the secondary air line (22).
 11. Internal combustion engine as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein a feed inlet (23) of the secondary air line (22) into the exhaust system (12) is provided in front of the catalytic converter (15), characterized in that a second feed inlet (23 a) is provided in the exhaust system after the catalytic converter, and a control unit (44) is provided for selecting the desired feed inlet in the secondary air line. 